First is setting up each component. The order of the setup() doesn’t matter, but it’s helpful to group things together that belong together.

The focus of the loop is to continually check each button using ‘if’ statements. When it finds a pressed button, the next code between the { and } will run. This code uses the if- else if- else format, which means that once a button is found to be pressed, the next else if condition is not checked. Using if-else if- else creates a priority among the checks. For example, once the code has found that digitalRead(4) is LOW, it won’t even check if digitalRead(6) is LOW because it’s a lower priority.

Using the if-if-if format, the code would run the most recent code, so pressing both 4 and 6 together would mean the 6 tone was played. This concept is important if you want to prioritize your code’s outcomes.

Within each ‘if’ loop, there are two commands side-by-side, the tone and the light. These will happen at almost the exact same time and will stay on until the code checks and finds that the ‘if’ statement is not true.

If none of the statements are true, the ‘else’ statement is the last condition. It can’t be true or false, it always runs if the code reaches it. In this case, it turns off the light and speaker. After that, the code loops back up to the top and starts over!